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OBJECTIVE:To study the effects of Astragali radix injection combined with entecavir on serum inflammatory cyto-kines and liver function of model mice with hepatitis B. METHODS:60 mice were randomly divided into normal control group (normal saline),model group (normal saline),Astragali radix injection group (0.5 mL/10 g),entecavir group (45 μg/kg) and combination group(0.5 mL/10 g Astragali radix injection+45 μg/kg entecavir),12 in each group. Except for normal control group, mice in other 4 groups were induced for hepatitis B models. After modeling,all mice were intragastrically administrated once a day,for 4 weeks. After administration,tumor necrosis factor α(TNF-α),interferon γ(IFN-γ),interleukin 8 (IL-8),aspartate aminotransferase(AST),alanine aminotransferase(ALT),total bilirubin(TBIL)levels in serum were detected,and the pathologi-cal changes in liver tissue in each group were observed. RESULTS:Compared with normal control group,TNF-α,IFN-γ,IL-8, AST,ALT,TBIL levels in serum of mice in model group were significantly increased(P<0.05);and liver cells were diffuse and severe steatosis. Compared with model group,TNF-α,IFN-γ,IL-8,AST,ALT,TBIL levels in serum of mice in each administra-tion group were significantly decreased(P<0.05),pathological changes in liver tissue were improved to varying degrees,and the index improvement degree in combination group was superior to Astragali radix injection group and entecavir group (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Astragali radix injection combined with entecavir helps to down-regulate the expressions of inflammatory cyto-kines of model mice with hepatitis B,and improve the liver function. The combination use has better effect than single use.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the pharmacokinetics and bioequivalence of asparaginase loaded in hyaluronic acid-graft-poly(ethylene glycol)/ sulfobutylether-β-cyclodextrin nanocapsules (AHSP) in SD rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The morphology of AHSP was observed under the transmission electron microscope and the particle size and zeta potential were measured. AHSP and free asparaginase were intravenously injected in rats, and the plasma asparaginase activity was measured at different time points after the injections. The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using the software DAS 2.1.1 to assess the bioequivalence of AHSP and free asparaginase.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>AHSP had an average particle size of 413.80∓10.97 nm with a zeta potential of -20.37∓2.38 mV. The AUC(0-48 h) of AHSP and free asparaginase was 137.34∓1.82 U/mL and 46.38 ∓1.98 U/mL, and their AUC(0-∞) was 164.66∓6.88 U/mL and 51.44∓3.01 U/mL with half-lives of 4.62∓0.60 h and 1.86∓0.38 h, respectively. Compared with free AN, AHSP exhibited increased AUC(0-48 h), AUC(0-∞), and half-life by 2.24, 2.55 and 2.32 folds, respectively. The 90% confidential intervals of AUC(0-48 h), AUC(0-∞) and Cmax of the tested formulation were 75.0%-76.5%, 74.3%-76.1%, and 95.1%-96.7%, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>AHSP can improve the bioavailability and extend the biological half-life of asparaginase in rats, and AHSP and free asparaginase are not bioequivalent.</p>
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Animals , Rats , Area Under Curve , Asparaginase , Pharmacokinetics , Biological Availability , Half-Life , Injections, Intravenous , Nanocapsules , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Therapeutic EquivalencyABSTRACT
In this article,combined with teaching practice for recent years,we have surveyed the teaching reform about experimental teaching of medical chemistry and proposed some advice for the experimental teaching reform.
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A series of reforms on the teaching of medical chemistry experiment has been carried out to arouse students' interest in medical chemistry experiment study and improve the quality of instruction,which includes the content of course,the teaching method and the inspection method.Good results have been achieved in the aspect of development of students' comprehensive quality,which lays a good foundation for the study of other courses.
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In this paper,the significance of ideological and political education was stated based on the ideological and political status of contemporary college students and the methods of teaching how to actualize the ideological and political education in chemistry teaching were in depth explored.
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In order to improve teaching quality of medical organic chemistry,problem-based learning was introduced.The characteristic,implementary process and outlines of problem-based learning were discussed in combination with the characteristic of organic chemistry in medical university.
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The significance and method of green chemistry teaching are expounded in detail during the course of medical chemistry experiment,and a new experiment system of green chemistry suiting with medicine is designed in the paper.
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Combined with teaching practice,we have summarized some experiences about bilingual teaching in the experimental course of organic chemistry and proposed some advice for the bilingual teaching.